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Economic and Management Sciences (EMS) is a subject taught to Grade 8 students in South Africa. The curriculum, as per the CAPS (Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement) document, includes the following key areas of study: Financial literacy, Entrepreneurship, Business Management, Economics, and Consumer Studies. In these areas, students learn fundamental concepts such as financial planning and budgeting, starting and managing a business, supply and demand, and consumer rights and responsibilities. The aim of the subject is to provide students with an understanding of the economic and business environment, as well as to equip them with the skills needed to make informed decisions as consumers and entrepreneurs.
Life Orientation is a subject taught in South African schools that focuses on the holistic development of learners. It is considered the most important subject in the curriculum as it addresses skills, knowledge, and values for the personal, social, intellectual, emotional, and physical growth of learners. The subject is designed to guide and prepare learners for life and its possibilities and equip them for meaningful and successful living in a rapidly changing and transforming society. Life Orientation promotes self-motivation and teaches learners how to apply goal setting, problem-solving, and decision-making strategies in preparing learners for the Fourth Industrial Revolution and 21st Century skills. It also guides learners to develop their full potential and provides them with opportunities to make informed choices regarding personal and environmental health, study opportunities, and future careers.